Web3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are cut down per year. This interactive map shows deforestation rates across the world. Thats a lot of trees! Thats one football field of forest lost every single second around the clock. This is very close to our estimate of a one-third loss. (2017). Philipp Curtis and colleagues make this point clear. If we can identify the producer countries, importing countries, and specific products responsible, we can direct our efforts towards interventions that will really make a difference. This gives us an indication of the impact of the average persons diet. By the 19th century the forest area was reduced to a third of what it once was. It doesnt capture trees that are cut down in planted forests; the land is still forested, its now just regrowing forest. How much do people in rich countries contribute to deforestation overseas? On balance, it would still have a positive impact on the size of global forests; its net contribution would be increasing forest area by 25,000 hectares.32 However, this country might still be causing more damage than this for a couple of reasons. But most emissions are driven by domestic markets this means policies in the major producer countries will be key to tackling this problem. Why? Across the US and Europe the breakdown of products is more varied. Firstly, international trade does play a role in deforestation its responsible for almost one-third of emissions. FAO. Journal of Cleaner Production, 140, 753-765. The breakdown of forest loss globally, and by region, is shown in the chart.22. By the mid-18th century, only 4% of the country was forested. Brazil, for example, went through a period of very rapid deforestation in the 1980s and 90s (its early transition phase) but its losses have slowed, meaning it is now in the late transition. There are other aspects to consider. Most of our future deforestation is going to come from countries in the pre- or early-transition phase. That these countries have recently regained forests is also visible in the long-term forest trends above. How Many Acres of Trees Are Cut Down Each Year? 38. The data produced by third parties and made available by Our World in Data is subject to the license terms from the original third-party authors. According to the Environmental Paper Network, an estimated 30% of felled trees are used for paper products. How do these two measures compare? Crowther, T. W., Glick, H. B., Covey, K. R., Bettigole, C., Maynard, D. S., Thomas, S. M., & Tuanmu, M. N. (2015). And its not just in forests eitherits also happening on farms, in cities, and on private property. It also estimates that 46% of the worlds trees have been cleared over the past 12,000 years. Since 2016, an average of 28 million hectares have been cut down every year. An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation drivers in developing countries. From 1850 to 1920, losses were around 50% higher at 30 million hectares per decade thats like losing a forested area the size of Italy every 10 years. The relationships of population and forest trends. 15 billion trees are cut down every year.19 The Global Forest Watch project using satellite imagery estimates that global tree loss in 2019 was 24 million hectares. Why should we care most about tropical deforestation? It also estimates that 46% of the worlds trees have been cleared over the past 12,000 years. At the beginning of this phase, the forest area is at its lowest point. This follows the classic forest transition model with development, which we look at in more detail in a related article. We should not only look at where these foods are produced, but also where the consumer demand is coming from. If we sum countries imported deforestation by World Bank income group, we find that high-income countries were responsible for 40% of imported deforestation; upper-middle income for 25%; lower-middle income for 20%; and low income for 5%. It breaks the change in forests into four stages, explained by two variables: the amount of forest cover a region has, and the annual change in cover (how quickly it is losing or gaining forest).15. Many consumers are concerned that their food choices are linked to deforestation in some of these hotspots. Some interesting facts state that every second, 1.5 acres of wood are cut down, Some of the worlds poorest countries are still in the pre-transition phase. Clearing of the Brazilian Amazon for pasture and croplands was a major driver of this loss. We can illustrate this through the so-called Forest Transition Model.14 This is shown in the chart. Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. The research says 15.3 billion trees are chopped down every year. Countries such as Indonesia, Myanmar, and the Democratic Republic of Congo are in the early transition phase and are losing forests quickly. Urbanization, the other driver of deforestation accounts for just 0.6%. The latter will experience short-term environmental impacts, but will ultimately regrow. There is some bad news, though: that number is likely to increase by 20% by 2023. Degradation drivers, including logging and especially wildfires can definitely have major impacts on forest health: animal populations decline, trees can die, and CO2 is emitted. Cutting them down disrupts or destroys established, species-rich ecosystems. The average across the EU was 0.3 tonnes CO2 per person. We then get high-income countries share of deforestation as: [40% of the 29% that is traded], which is equal to 12%. That means that each year, one percent of all trees are being destroyed. What are the major impacts of mass deforestation and forest loss? And, we might place more value on preserving primary, native forests that havent yet been deforested over regrowing forests that have lost their previous ecosystems. Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. To do this, they quantified where deforestation was occurring due to the expansion of croplands, pasture and tree plantations (for logging), and what commodities were produced on this converted land. A study published on September 2, 2015 in the journal Nature suggests these answers: 3 trillion and 15.3 billion. When we cut down primary rainforest we are transforming this ecosystem forever. It was a net importer. The trees are not expected to regrow. According to the Environmental Paper Network, an estimated 30% of felled trees are used for paper products. 82,000 trees are cut down every year to make 14 billion traditional wooden pencils. Because people are starting to see how climate change affects trees. And to identify where deforestation is occurring; perhaps as important, show where forest loss is not deforestation. International trade is important for socioeconomic development. Healthy environment: One hundred mature trees catch about 139,000 gallons of rainwater per year. The 11-month balance shows that 1,539,970 trees were cut down each day, which means 1,059 trees per minute or almost 18 trees per second. They first lose lots of forest, but reach a turning point and begin to regain it again. In the chart here we see the breakdown of deforestation emissions by product for each consumer country. But we also need to know what products are driving this. But there is good reason to make this our primary concern. How many trees does IKEA cut down a How Many Trees are Cut down for Paper Each Year . Africa is also an outlier as a result of how many people still rely on wood as their primary energy source. After long periods of forest clearance in the past, most of todays richest countries are increasing tree cover through afforestation. In Latin America and Asia the dominant driver of degradation was logging for products such as timber, paper and pulp this accounted for more than 70%. By combining our earlier Sankey diagram, and breakdown of emissions by product, we can see that we can tackle a large share of these emissions through only a few key trade flows. 38. Tropical forests are often more productive than temperate forests, meaning they store more carbon. But distilling changes to this single metric tree or forest loss comes with its own issues. Thats one football field of forest lost every single second around the clock. Imagine over 100 large harvesters working non-stop. (2017) estimate that the average EU diet, excluding deforestation, is responsible for 0.5 tonnes CO2 per person. Science, 361(6407), 1108-1111. One option is to adopt stricter guidelines on what suppliers to source from, and implementing zero-deforestation policies that stop the trade of goods that have been produced on deforested land. We see very clearly that the large Brazilian footprint is driven by its domestic demand for beef. More than 7 million hectares of forest, or 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees, are cut down every year because of deforestation. Year-to-year data on forest change comes with several issues: either data at this resolution is not available, or year-to-year changes can be highly variable. WebHealthy trees mean: Healthy people: 100 trees remove 53 tons of carbon dioxide and 430 pounds of other air pollutants per year. At this stage, countries are still losing forest each year but at a lower rate than before. Anthropogenic Biomes: 10,000 BCE to 2015 CE. Stage 3 The Late Transition phase is when deforestation rates start to slow down again. The scale of deforestation today might give us little hope for protecting our diverse forests. How many trees are cut down each year?. The paths between these end boxes indicate where emissions are being traded the wider the bar, the more emissions are embedded in these products. How many trees are chopped down for Christmas? This highlights an important point: less than 20% of people in Sub-Saharan Africa have access to clean fuels for cooking, meaning they still rely on wood and charcoal. The study also finds that human activity negatively affects tree abundance from the boreal forests to the equator. Classifying drivers of global forest loss. How much deforestation happens every day? Its the foods and products we buy, not where we live, that has the biggest impact on global land use. A study published on September 2, 2015 in the journal Nature suggests these answers: 3 trillion and 15.3 billion. As we covered in a previous article, 60% of tropical deforestation is driven by beef, soybean and palm oil production. (2020). Then things started to speed up. How many trees are cut down each year?. As we explore in more detail in our related article, countries tend to follow a predictable development in forest cover, a U-shaped curve.9 They lose forests as populations grow and demand for agricultural land and fuel increases, but eventually they reach the so-called forest transition point where they begin to regrow more forests than they lose. Hosonuma et al. But when forests are cut, burned or otherwise removed they emit carbon instead of absorb carbon. This interactive map shows deforestation rates across the world. Deforestation, reforestation, and development. [1] That's 15.3 billion every year. Thats more than the countrys CO2 emissions from fossil fuels, which are around 2.2 tonnes per person. After seeing this data, people might argue that we should cut back on trade. Not all forest is equal. Since there is often year-to-year variability in deforestation or reforestation rates, this is shown as the five-year average. This means they were responsible for 12% of global deforestation.31 It is therefore true that rich countries are causing deforestation in poorer countries. The data used in this chart comes from several sources. Forest loss or tree loss captures two fundamental impacts on forest cover: deforestation and forest degradation. This means interventions at the national-level will be key: this can include a range of solutions including policies such as Brazils soy moratorium, the REDD+ programme to compensate for the opportunity costs of preserving these forests, and improvements in agricultural productivity so countries can continue to produce more food on less land. Rudel, T. K. (1998). This is nearly always true of planted forests in temperate regions there, planted forests are long-established and do not replace primary existing forests. International trade plays an important role in this growth, and may allow farmers to see the yield gains they need to produce more food using less land. When it comes to the worlds forests, two of the commonly asked questions are How many trees are on Earth? and How many trees are cut down each year? Please consult our full legal disclaimer. We see one such transition in the chart: the forest loss in the temperate regions shown as the green part of the bars peaked much earlier than the global forest loss. Proactive conservation to prevent habitat losses to agricultural expansion. This is shortly after the end of the last great ice age, through to the present day.2. This interactive map shows deforestation rates across the world. Forest transition theory and the reforesting of Scotland. Forest transitions: towards a global understanding of land use change. Across temperate forests the world gained 6 million hectares in the last decade. The remaining 73% came from the three drivers of forest degradation: logging of forestry products from plantations (26%); shifting, local agriculture (24%); and wildfires (23%). Its State of the Worlds Forests report provides estimates of global forest cover today, and rates of change over previous decades. The change is temporary. Healthy communities: Tree-filled neighborhoods lower levels of domestic violence and are safer and more sociable. In a previous post we looked at this change in global forests over the long-run. [2] Only 36% of the world's rainforests remain intact. As of 2020, the UN estimates the planet is losing over 7,000,000 hectares per year to deforestation.27Between 1990 and 2015, the world lost 129 million hectares of forest an area about the size of South Africa.11 Natural forests lost by continent9include: Africa 3.2 million hectares It feeds into the popular idea that eating local is one of the best ways to reduce your carbon footprint. Thats an area 1.5-times the size of the United States. [4] Forests cover 4.06 billion hectares (just less than 31%) of Imported emissions are also high for Taiwan, Belgium and the Netherlands at around one tonne. Data from 1990 onwards is sourced from the UNs 2020 Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020.References:Williams, M. (2003). Mather, A. S., Fairbairn, J., & Needle, C. L. (1999). Why? Americans cut down 15,094,678 Christmas trees in 2017, according to the most recent year of data from the U.S. Agriculture Department. How much deforestation happens every day? How Many Acres of Trees Are Cut Down Each Year? The course and drivers of the forest transition: the case of France. Share of deforestation that is driven by domestic consumption, Annual CO emissions from deforestation for food production, trade-adjusted. Lets take an example. The study also finds that human activity negatively affects tree abundance from the boreal forests to the equator. 95% of global deforestation occurs in the tropics. theyre driving deforestation elsewhere; whilst many subtropical countries are partly cutting down trees to meet this demand from rich countries. In the chart we see deforestation emissions per person, measured in tonnes of CO2 per year. In the chart we see the decadal losses and gains in global forest cover. A note on UN FAO forestry data Data on net forest change, afforestation and deforestation is sourced from the UN Food and Agriculture Organizations Forest Resources Assessment. The 11-month balance shows that 1,539,970 trees were cut down each day, which means 1,059 trees per minute or almost 18 trees per second. Thats a lot of trees! How many trees are cut down each year in the Amazon rainforest? Loss of Biodiversity: Forests are the only liveable habitat for a variety of species around the globe many of which have not even have been discovered. Because people are starting to see how climate change affects trees. University of Chicago Press. More than four times as much. The taller the bar, the larger the change in forest area. That means that each year, one percent of all trees are being destroyed. Mapping tree density at a global scale. Deforestation in Africa is mainly driven by local populations and markets; only 9% of its emissions are exported. These are big numbers, and important ones to track: forest loss creates a number of negative impacts, ranging from carbon emissions to species extinctions and biodiversity loss. Some interesting facts state that every second, 1.5 acres of wood are cut down, Although there is some year-to-year variability [you can explore the data use the timeline on the bottom of the chart from 2005 to 2013] we see a reasonably consistent divide: most countries across Europe and North America are net importers of deforestation i.e. Its domestic demand, not international trade, that is the main driver of deforestation. Humans have been cutting down trees for millennia. Around half of this deforestation is offset by regrowing forests, so overall we lose around five million hectares each year. But, as countries continue to get richer this demand slows. Thats one football field of forest lost every single second around the clock. Population growth meant that todays rich countries across Europe and North America needed more and more resources such as land for agriculture, wood for energy, and for construction.8. According to CNN, each year over 1,000 plants and animal species go extinct due to deforestation and subsequent habitat loss. Tree density in primary forests varies from 50,000-100,000 trees per square km, so the math would put this number at 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees cut down each year. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited. If we want to end deforestation we need to understand where and why its happening; where countries are within their transition; and what can be done to accelerate their progress through it. By Georgina Rannard. Why? Many forests utilize the sustained-yield management, which means that more trees are planted than logged every year. According to the Environmental Paper Network, an estimated 30% of felled trees are used for paper products. Which countries are gaining, and which are losing forest? Williams, M. (2003). 1000 years ago, 20% of Scotlands land was covered by forest. We therefore look at them both individually in more detail, to better understand what we can do about it. This is probably less than many people would expect. WebThe UN FAO estimate that 10 million hectares of forest were cut down each year. This number comes from the World Bank, which estimates that there are 3 trillion trees on the planet. It also estimates that 46% of the worlds trees have been cleared over the past 12,000 years. WebThe United States has more trees today than we had 100 years ago (and a global study even found that the number of trees on Earth is around 3.04 trillion, a much higher number than previously believed.) Each year, an estimated 15 billion trees are cut down around the world. Scheffers, B. R., Joppa, L. N., Pimm, S. L., & Laurance, W. F. (2012). Science, 349(6250), 827-832. Some interesting facts state that every second, 1.5 acres of wood are cut down, On the left-hand side we have the countries (grouped by region) where deforestation occurs, and on the right we have the countries and regions where these products are consumed. The fact that the per capita emissions after trade are very high means that a lot of their food products are consumed by people in Brazil and Indonesia. Stage 1 The Pre-Transition phase is defined by having high levels of forest cover and no or only very slow losses over time. How many trees are cut down each year? What are the major impacts of mass deforestation and forest loss? First, it reiterates that deforestation is not a new problem: relatively small populations of the past were capable of driving a large amount of forest loss. They cut down their forests and replaced it with agricultural land long ago. They are smaller, and more temporary. For example, Ellis et al. Rich countries such as the USA, France and the United Kingdom have had a long history of deforestation but are now passed the transition point. [1] That's 15.3 billion every year. This is calculated by taking each countrys imported deforestation and subtracting its exported deforestation. Over half of the worlds species reside in tropical forests.24 Endemic species are those which only naturally occur in a single country. If we add 0.3 tonnes to this figure, deforestation would account for around one-sixth [0.3 / (1.5+0.3) * 100 = 17%].Notarnicola, B., Tassielli, G., Renzulli, P. A., Castellani, V., & Sala, S. (2017). But when forests are cut, burned or otherwise removed they emit carbon instead of absorb carbon. Healthy communities: Tree-filled neighborhoods lower levels of domestic violence and are safer and more sociable. The rate of population growth tends to slow down. Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. It might seem odd to argue that we should focus our efforts on tackling this quarter of forest loss (rather than the other 73%). As I mentioned earlier, 14% of deforestation today is driven by consumers in rich countries. Forests still cover about 30 percent of the worlds land area, but they are disappearing at an alarming rate. 95% of the worlds deforestation occurs in the tropics [we look at this breakdown again later]. Since three-quarters of tropical deforestation is driven by agriculture, thats a valid concern. Thats equivalent to the area of South Africa. Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. The world has lost one-third of its forest an area twice the size of the United States. It also estimates that 46% of the worlds trees have been cleared over the past 12,000 years. The world has lost one-third of its forests, but an end of deforestation is possible. To put this in perspective, that would be around one-sixth of the total carbon footprint of the average EU diet.36. This interactive map shows deforestation rates across the world. Most traded emissions are embedded in soy and palm oil exports to China and India; and beef, soy and palm oil exports to Europe. But it can bridge between deforestation and degradation depending on the timeframe and permanence of these agricultural practices. Lewis, S. L. (2006). The rate of deforestation is declining, but we still lost forests at a whopping 10 million hectares per year between 2015-2020. 38. Since 2016, an average of 28 million hectares have been cut down every year. As to the number of trees this represents, its impossible to get an accurate count. That is why we should be focusing on tropical deforestation. Nicolas-Jacques Cont, an officer in Napoleon's army, invented the modern pencil by combining graphite and clay for lead durability. See which countries are gaining forest though natural forest expansion and afforestation. Approximately 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are being cut each year according to a report referenced on the Rainforest Action Networks website (RAN) and other publications. Weve seen the five key drivers of forest loss. Meanwhile, the global population increased by 147% from 3.1 to 7.6 billion.4 This means that agricultural land per person more than halved, from 1.45 to 0.63 hectares. This rapid swapping of green for gray is harmful to the people living in these spaces, and it sets cities up for long-term environmental decline, according to the scientists. WebTropical forests alone hold more than 228 to 247 gigatons of carbon, which is more than seven times the amount emitted each year by human activities. From this understanding we can define five reasons why we lose forests: Thanks to satellite imagery, we can get a birds-eye view of what these drivers look like from above. If you want to reduce your carbon footprint, reducing meat and dairy intake particularly beef and lamb has the largest impact. Approximately 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are being cut each year according to a report referenced on the Rainforest Action Networks website (RAN) and other publications. What we know and dont know about Earths missing biodiversity. All other material, including data produced by third parties and made available by Our World in Data, is subject to the license terms from the original third-party authors. Napoleon 's army, invented the modern pencil by combining graphite and clay for lead durability region, shown. As I mentioned earlier, 14 % of tropical deforestation is going to come from in! 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